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C/C++
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This article will provide a guidance to create your own Makefile. The article will explain why we need a Makefile and will also list several things we should consider in creating a Makefile.
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This document describes a quantitative & qualitative comparison of Forte & GNU C++ compiler. We begin by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of both the compilers. These compilers are then compared, and analyzed for conformance to ISO C++ standard, execution speed , executable size, compile time, productivity, binary code compatibility & integration with third party products. ...read more >>>
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Python
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Python is a very clean and intuitive language, so it hasn't got many gotchas, but it still has a few that often bite beginning Python programmers. My hope is that if you are warned in advance about these gotchas, you won't be bit quite so hard!
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A programmer can be significantly more productive in Python than in Java. How much more productive? The most widely accepted estimate is 5-10 times. On the basis of my own personal experience with the two languages, I agree with this estimate. On this page, I present a list of side-by-side comparisons of features of Java and Python. If you look at these comparisons, you can see why Python can be written much more quickly, and maintained much more easily, than Java.
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For Programming in any Language, the capability to spawn worker threads is integral to the performance of any application.Whether it be running a separate thread to handle user interaction in a GUI app , while running a potentially blocking process in the background (Like your browser is doing now) . Threading is essential. This document attempts to show what is possible and what not while Threading in Python.
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The Python programming language's support for generators is described in PEP 255. This article demonstrates a few simple programs which make use of this feature to do some fun stuff like filtering out prime numbers, representing an `infinite' series expansion in a finite way, applying the Euler `accelerator' to make a series converge faster etc.
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Programs written in a functional programming language (like say Scheme) mirror the structure of mathematical expressions; math expressions are composed of strings of functions, each one computing a value and producing absolutely no side effects. The same function, called with the same arguments, yields the same result whatever be the context in which it is called.
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Linux
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Unicode, or the Universal Character Set (UCS), was developed to end once and for all the problems associated with the abundance of character sets used for writing text in different languages. It is a single character set whose goal is to be a superset of all others used before, and to contain every character used in writing any language (including many dead languages) as well as other symbols used in mathematics and engineering. Any charset can be losslessly converted to Unicode, as we'll see.
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Here is a roadmap (with some diversions) to help you take your existing Desktop, roll it into an ISO file pipe and smoke a USB stick or CD. This is not a task for the faint-hearted---there are no automated scripts in here. Part of the reason for this manual approach is that each desktop system will have its own quirks; so writing scripts which handle the various conditions which might arise is painful. Secondly, there are numerous choices possible---you must mix your own. Finally, I must confess that I do not feel energetic enough to write the scripts at this point. Instead you have this article!
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In a word, No. No machine connected to the internet is 100% secure. This doesn't mean that you are helpless. You can take measures to avoid hacks, but you cannot avoid them completely. This is like a house — when the windows and doors are open then the probability of a thief coming in is high, but if the doors and windows are closed and locked the probability of being robbed is less, but still not nil.
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A little over two years ago I was hacked. Someone broke into a web server I was administrating that had only Apache and OpenSSH running publically, and all packages were up-to-date. The hacker replaced my ps binary with his own to hide his processes, added a new service that was executed from the binary "/bin/crond " (the space is intentional - it makes it look like a normal and an expected process in a running-processes listing and a normal binary in a directory listing). The "crond " process gathered usernames and passwords and stored them in a text file in the directory "/dev/pf0 / /", (5 and 2 spaces respectively), which also contained a root shell. The chances of me finding and identifying this intrusion would have been extremely remote if I had not been running Tripwire.
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For most application developers, the majority of the changes made to the Linux kernel between the 2.4 and 2.6 kernel families have little direct impact. Most kernel changes only manifest themselves through increased system performance and capacity. Kernel and system changes that affect how applications spawn and manage other processes and threads are a significant exception to this rule.
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This whitepaper provides an overview of the types of changes that you may need to make to a customized or specialized Linux installation in order to use it with the Linux 2.6 kernel, building upon the configuration file and administrative updates that were touched upon in the third article in this series.
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This whitepaper is the third in a series from TimeSys's "2.6 Linux Resource Center" on using the new Linux 2.6 kernel. Authored by TimeSys Senior Product Manager William von Hagen, the whitepapers in this series place special emphasis on the primary issues in migrating existing drivers, applications, and embedded Linux deployments to a Linux distribution based on the 2.6 kernel.
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This whitepaper is the second in a series from TimeSys’s "2.6 Linux Resource Center" on using the new Linux 2.6 kernel. Authored by TimeSys Senior Product Manager William von Hagen, the whitepapers in this series place special emphasis on the primary issues in migrating existing drivers, applications, and embedded Linux deployments to a Linux distribution based on the 2.6 kernel.
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Linux is a shining example of the power of the Open Source movement as a positive force of change in the software industry. The Linux kernel, the core of any Linux distribution, is constantly evolving to incorporate new technologies and improve performance, scalability, support, and usability. Many of these enhancements are related to adding support for additional architectures, processors, buses, interfaces, and devices. Stable releases of the Linux kernel (even-numbered releases such as 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, and now 2.6) only occur every two years or so, after exhaustive development and testing.
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It is commonly known that netfilter/iptables is the firewall of the Linux operating system. What is not commonly known is that iptables has many hidden gems that can allow you do things with your firewall that you might never have even imagined. In this article I am going to introduce many of these features with some practical uses.
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iptables is Linux's firewall which has been a part of the kernel since version 2.4. It is often referred to as a packet filter as it examines each packet transferred in every network connection to, from, and within your computer. iptables replaced ipchains in the 2.4 kernel and added many new features including connection tracking (also known as stateful packet filtering). In this article we will use iptables to build simple but effective firewalls for the following scenarios using allow/disallow rules based on IP addresses, ports, and states
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Security is an issue that every Internet-connected user needs to consider. Attackers are using increasingly sophisticated tools to attempt to access our computers, and unfortunately they sometimes succeed. Denial of service attacks, worms, viruses, data theft and plain old vandalism are common, and chances are that if you haven't yet been affected, you know someone who has. Even home dial-up users should be aware of the risks. Firewalling is one of the primary tools for controlling computer security, and in this article I'll try to explain what a firewall is and what it does, without getting bogged down in too much technical jargon. So do you need a firewall? If you connect to the 'net, even via dialup, the answer is probably yes.
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A lot of people making the move from Windows to Linux have a Windows keyboard with extra buttons along the top. Some of these buttons control the browser, while others control audio/video playback. As many have already discovered, these buttons don't work in Linux. At least, they don't by default.
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This is a follow-up to my earlier article, "I Don't Think We're in Redmond Anymore, Toto", in which I described my introduction to, and first impressions of, Linux. In this article, I wanted to give you my further impressions and experiences, so you have some idea what it's been like to go full-time (more or less) from Windows to Linux. In the process, I hope to pass on some helpful tips. Hopefully, you who follow in my footsteps can avoid stepping in some of the doggy-doo that I faced (faced? now there's a mental picture I could have done without).
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Before I begin, I want to warn you. I'm a very opinionated person. I expect things to work well. I expect computers to work my way, not the other way 'round. When I get new software, I expect to be able to put the manual in a drawer, then use the software's basic functionality with few hassles. I'm also a control freak, which is why I like C/C++ over something like Visual Basic. Ease of use gets you only so far. As I said, I expect things to work well, which is why I decided to give Linux a try.
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You can take a disk file, format it as an ext2, ext3, or reiser filesystem, and then mount it, just like a physical drive. It's then possible to read and write files to this newly-mounted device. You can also copy the complete filesystem, since it is just a file, to another computer. If security is an issue, read on.
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Cache memory is an integral part of every modern microprocessor system. The way your program accesses memory does have an impact on run time, especially if you are accessing data sets which are bigger than what can be stored in the cache. In this article, I outline an experiment which I did on my Athlon XP system running Linux to get a `feel' of some of the performance issues associated with the cache.
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This article explains various experiments which I conducted on my HT system running the shining new Linux kernel 2.6.5 mostly with a view towards understanding concurrency control in Symmetric Multi Processing systems.
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Power management is a serious issue in modern systems - the Operating System should be able to determine things like battery charge level, CPU temperature, etc. and take intelligent actions. ACPI is designed with the objective of giving the OS as much flexibility as possible in dealing with power management issues.
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This document was originally put together to show how Unix debugging tools can be used to track down problems even when you don't have the source code (ie commercial products). It may one day become a presentation if I can figure out how to present it without boring an audience senseless.
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Is it a file that is being used or is it an open file descriptor? A file descriptor is a data structure used by a program to get a handle on a file, the most well known being 0,1,2 for standard in, standard out, and standard error. The 'file-max' kernel parameter refers to maximum number of file descriptors allowed per system and 'file-nr' refers to the number of current file descriptors used at any moment.
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MySQL
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Interesting Things to Know about MySQL. A good collection of Tips and tricks in MySQL
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